Source:
Biotechnological ntau lawm ntawm hyaluronic acid: Mini xyuas los ntawm Jun Hui Sze, Jeremy C. Brownlie, thiab Christopher A. Love
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4754297/
Hyaluronic acid (HA) yog ib tug polysaccharide pom nyob rau hauv txheej txheem ntawm pob txaij (extracellular matrix) ntawm vertebrate epithelial, neural thiab txuas cov ntswg. Vim tias muaj cov dej tsis zoo, cov biocompatibility thiab viscoelasticity cov khoom ntawm no polymer, HA tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuaj loj, biomedical thiab cov khoom siv kom zoo nkauj nrog cov nqi kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, HA nrog rau siab tshaj qhov siab tshaj 10 kDa (txaus tshaj 10 kDa) yog txaus nyiam rau cov khoom siv hauv kev kho mob, cov pob zeb, cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov ntaub so ntswg engineering (Allison thiab Grande-Allen 2006 ; Fagien thiab Cassuto 2012 ; Kogan et al. tsis tshua muaj cev nqaij daim tawv (kwv yees li 5 kDa thiab hauv qab) yuav pab tau tsim cov tshuaj uas txhawb cov angiogenesis, inhibit tumor progression lossis induce qhia ntawm pro-inflammatory mediators (Jagannath thiab Ramachandran 2010 ; Tammi li al .
Tam sim no nws muaj ob txoj kev ua haujlwm kom tau txais HA polymer nyob rau hauv ntau cov lag luam: extraction los ntawm cov nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj, los yog ntau dua tsis ntev los no tab sis daim ntawv thov cov kab mob qhia tawm hauv Streptococcus
Tshaj tawm ntawm cov nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj
Txij li thaum xyoo 1930s thaum HA raug xub thawj los ntawm cov nqaij npuas vitreous (Meyer thiab Palmer 1934 ), cov extraction ntawm HA tau siv ntau cov tsiaj ua ke nrog rau tib neeg cov hlab ntaws, qaug dej khov, thiab cov kua nruab nrog cev. HA muab los ntawm cov nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj muaj cov pa roj carbon lawm tiag
Disadvantages ntawm tsiaj-derived HA
Ua ntej, cov txheej txheem extraction yeej ib txwm muaj kev txwv vim kev mob hnyav uas tawm los nrog kev sib tsoo, kho acid, thiab pheej yaug extraction nrog cov organic solvents. Cov txheej txheem no tsis muaj kev txwv tsis zoo los cuam tshuam tsis tau tsuas yog cov txi xwb, tab sis kuj yog lub polydispersity (ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg) ntawm HA (Boeriu li al 2013 ). Ib qho teeb meem thib ob yog tias tsiaj HA kuj tseem yuav ua txhua yam rau cellular proteins xws li hyaluronidase, HA-tshwj xeeb los ua cov protein ntau (Fraser thiab al . Cov kabmob uas muaj kabmob paug no tsis muaj qabhau vim tias yuav muaj sijhawm uas cov neeg no yuav tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kabmob. Tshaj li, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kabmob nrog nucleic acids, prions (bovine) thiab viruses (avian) uas yuav ua rau kis tau tus kab mob kis kab mob (Shiedlin li al 2004 ). Thaum kawg, extracting HA los ntawm cov nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj yog kim raws li nws siv sij hawm ntau heev ua kom tiav, yog txoj haujlwm hnyav thiab yuav tsum muaj cov chaw loj loj uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm tus tsiaj mus extraction thiab purification ntawm HA. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nyab xeeb, kev siv biotechnological ntawm HA no yog ib qho kev nyiam ua ntawm HA.
Cov kab mob qhia tawm hauv Streptococci
Cov neeg ua haujlwm (HA synthase) tau ua thawj zaug thaum 1990s thaum lub sijhawm uas muaj ib lub noob uas muaj lub cev rau HA lub cev, uas yog HA synthase lossis HAS, uas tau pom los ntawm Group A Streptococcus (S. pyogenes) (DeAngelis et al., 1993 ). Cov noob no yog ib feem ntawm cov kabmob uas muaj tus kabmob HOM uas ua rau HA synthase, hasB gene uas yog UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, thiab lub caj dab hasC uas ua rau UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (Crater li 1995 ; Dougherty thiab van de Rijn 1993 ). Cov kab mob no muaj lwm cov kab mob xws li S. zooepidemicus, muaj ob yam noob, hasD thiab hasE uas ua kom muaj tus kabmob (enamme) (acetyltransferase thiab pyrophosphorylase) thiab phosphoglucoisomerase feem ntau, uas HA raug muab coj los ua los ntawm cov kabmob ntxiv metabolic. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov ob lub noob rau cov hasoperon yog xav kom tau los ntawm intragenomic gene duplication nrog ntau homologous recombination (Blank li al 2008 ).
Thiab nws tam sim no qhov loj tshaj txoj kev ntawm HA, muaj cov kev zoo ntawm tus nqi qes, siab yield thiab tsiaj-yug dawb.
Kev kho mob Sodium Hyaluronate Gel uas ua los ntawm Singclean yog cov tsiaj txhu tsis muaj kev noj qab haus huv polymer extracted thiab refined los ntawm high-tech bio-engineering ntawm streptococcal fermentation metabolites nrog viscoelasticity, lubricity, lub cev alterability thiab zoo biocompatibility.
HA kev ua lag luam hauv kev lag luam
HA lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub qhov muag, lub cev pob txha ntawm cov pob qij txha thiab cov kab mob hauv cov pob epidermal, tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau txoj hauv kev tsim cov kev tshiab kom ua tiav zoo thiab xa daim HA. Ib qho kev tshawb xyuas kev lag luam tsis ntev los no tau thim tau tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg laus laus thiab kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv osteoarthritis lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam rau HA visco-supplementation rau tib neeg tsuas yog kwv yees ntau tshaj $ 2.5 billion los ntawm 2017 (MRG.Net 2013 ).